Genetic and society Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Genetic and society - Article Example It benefits processors and farmers because its bruise resistance making it financially cost effective. The cons of innate potatoes are that, some researchers think that, though approved the technology is not regulated adequately as the methods used to suppress the genes are not well comprehended. Some of the substances important to the crop for pest protection and nitrogen use are also being suppressed. Consumers, restaurants and food companies have expressed health concerns by rejecting such crops for it may cause cancer. Simplot Company engineering the potato says the potato has genes such as bacteria and promises of its health benefits (Pollack, para.1-3, 9). In conclusion, the innate potato has both economic and health effects. The approval of this potato by the national potato Council has reservations. The food industry had been advised to reduce acrylamide levels by the F.D.A by issuing a guideline on potato handling from farm to cooking. Undoubtedly, many companies have adopted this measure and do not need the genetically engineered

The Postmodern Era of Graphic Design Essay Example for Free

The Postmodern Era of Graphic Design Essay The 1980s was characterized with the rise of eclecticism as an art trend. Style was no longer dictated by established rules but by the random convergence of different theories and practices. The aforementioned phenomenon, in turn, ushered the postmodern wave in graphic design. The liberal atmosphere that prevailed over their craft prompted many graphic designers to come up with more creative and daring works. In the late 1970s, some educators in the field of graphic design started questioning the rigidity and minimalism of graphic modernism (Heller 9). Graphic modernism, a graphic design trend that originated from Switzerland in the 1950s and the 1960s, placed emphasis on simplicity, universality, rationality, abstraction and structural expressionism (Heller 6). It was eventually became the standard style in several corporate and institutional design groups both in Europe and in the US. The academe soon followed suit – schools such as the Philadelphia College of Art, University of Cincinnati and Yale developed curricula that emphasized the prolonged study of abstract design and typographic form (Heller 7). In the process, graphic designers who worked outside the academic and corporate settings were alienated. Majority of these artists were strongly affiliated with the punk movement of the late 1970s and early 1980s. They expressed their adherence to punk culture through aggressive, destructive and uninhibited graphic designs. Some of them, however, combined the influences of punk culture and graphic modernism in their works, bringing about the era of postmodernism in graphic design (Raizman 360). British-born Neville Brody was one of the most well-known graphic designers who used this novel style. He parodied the uniformity and consistency of corporate graphics by experimenting with original lettering and trademarks. Magazines such as The Face later used his typefaces, paving the way for their development towards being able to convey moods and attitudes beyond the range of fonts available from foundries (Raizman 360). One of Brody’s typefaces, Industria (1984), was â€Å"a bold sans serif typeface with a combination of blunt rectangular positive and negative shapes and knife-edged terminations for a number of letters† (Raizman 360). Other graphic designers of the punk movement, meanwhile, made their works from found material. Using pictures and texts that were cut from old magazines and newspapers, they were able to come up with striking posters that conveyed entirely new messages (Poynor 41). This torn-paper collage approach to graphic design eventually became the springboard for the development of other forms of postmodern graphic design. Other graphic designers used loose, spontaneous brush strokes in their paintings in order to make them resemble torn-paper collages (Poynor 42). Some low-budget club promotions, meanwhile, gave existing art an edgy twist by deconstructing them (Poynor 38). The advent of computer technology in the 1990s and in the beginning of the 21st century further entrenched the era of postmodernism in graphic design. The availability of affordable (if not free) and user-friendly computer software can allow anyone to create striking graphic designs. With just a little creativity, even those who did not undergo formal training in graphic design can come up with works that can surpass even those of professionals. It would be fair to say, therefore, that postmodernism democratized the concept of graphic design. Without any rules to follow except his or her own, anyone can create an artwork using materials that are either affordable or free. The only factors that should be taken into consideration are individual creativity and imagination. Indeed, it is only human beings who put a limit to whatever they are capable of accomplishing. Works Cited Heller, Steven. The Education of a Graphic Designer. 2nd ed. New York: Allworth Communications Inc. , 2005. Poynor, Rick. No More Rules: Graphic Design and Postmodernism. London: Laurence King Publishing, 2003. Raizman, David. History of Modern Design: Graphics and Products since the Industrial Revolution. London: Laurence King Publishing, 2003.

Analysis of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Analysis of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs efficiency on the pain reduction for people with sciatica in clinical practise and patient centred care. Introduction Low back pain (LBP) is a common disorder in the western world, affecting about 80 percent of the general western world population at some point in their life.8 According to Australian Bureau of statistics (ABS) 2014-2015 National Health Survey (NHS) 16% of the Australian population experience low back pain.10 Moreover, LBP have effects on the functional capacity of people in the work environment, creating a large economic and social burden on society.2, 8 Sciatica forms part of the LBP group and is in the heterogeneous subgroup.2 Sciatica is a disorder that arise from pressure on the sciatic nerve root.3, ,9 Sciatica can be distinguish from LBP as radiating pain that follows a dermatomal pattern in the leg.6ÂÂ   Sciatica is therefore a term to describe a specific symptom of LBP and is not a diagnosis itself.2,5 The yearly estimated prevalence of sciatica is two percent up to fourteen percent.3 Out of every 1000 western world inhabitant 5-10 develop sciatica.12Sciatica also known by several synonyms in academic literature such as lumbosacral radicular syndrome, nerve root pain or nerve root compromise.3Causes of sciatica may or may not include trauma or injury to the spine, spinal canal narrowing and bone spurs.1-2 Most sciatica cases are self-resolved between six and twelve weeks from the onset of symptoms.9,12 However sciatica that does not resolve itself after a few weeks needs medical treatment.6,9Treatment of sciatica is primarily aimed at pain reduction either by reducing pressure on the nerve root or by pain relieving drugs.6 The most common pain relieving drug prescribed for the pain management of sciatica is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 2,3 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, reduce inflammation and swelling, relieve pain temporarily and lower a raised body temperature. In the systematic (Cochrane) review Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for sciatica a number of people with chronic, subacute (pain for less than twelve weeks) and acute sciatica (pain of more than twelve weeks) aged sixteen years and older were examined. A total of ten randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were identified as eligible to be included in the systematic review, involving 1651 participants aged sixteen to seventy five years of age.2 The aim for the review is to determine whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a pain reduction effect, whether it have an overall improvement and whether it have adverse side effects when compared to placebos, other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other drugs in patients experiencing sciatica.2 What was found is that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have no adverse effects in pain reduction for patients experiencing sciatica when compared to the placebo and other drugs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs shown a better overall improvement when compared to other drugs and the placebo. However, this must be treated with caution as the trial quality is low. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs also shown a higher risk of side effects when compared to the placebo.2 This summative article will analyse the implications of these findings for clinical practice and patient-centred care, it will also interpret the findings of the systematic (Cochrane) review and discuss a range of clinical opinions and recommendations for medical students and registered health care professionals. Discussion Based on the systematic review and previous studies it was found that there was a limited benefit from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.2 At the moment, there are a several treatment plans, apart from prescribing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on a chronic basis to reduce pain in patients suffering from sciatica.6,15 Health professionals should consider these other treatment interventions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as long term usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause adverse risk to a patient.1,2,3,19 Potential adverse risks may occur in the gastrointestinal (GI), renal, cardiovascular (CV), cerebrovascular, and central nervous system (CNS).2,19AlternativeÂÂ   professional interventions include manipulative therapy, like chiropractic or osteopathy exercise therapy, physiotherapy, epidural injections, and surgery as a last resort.9,15 Exercise therapy as a single treatment intervention compared to bed rest had little or no improvement at all for patients with sciatica. However prolonged bed rest have harmful effects for the patient.6,9,18 It may therefore be reasonable for a health professional to prescribe exercise therapy along with other treatment interventions to prevent breaching the ethical obligation non maleficence.9 Non maleficence may be defined as doing no harm to the patient involved or the society involved.13 Combining physiotherapy methods such as lumbar traction with other interventions seems to produce positive results in nerve root compression symptoms. Traction as a standalone intervention to date is not recommended as the most studies applied lumbar traction along with other interventions.8 Research into epidural injections, through a meta-analysis found that the injections had some improvements in pain reduction and disability scores in patients with acute sciatic.6,7 The same research reported that exercise therapy is no better than inactive therapy, such as bedrest. Although surgery do not improv e life quality and reduce the severity of sciatica symptoms evidence suggest that surgery is the best intervention to relieve pain fast in patients suffering sciatica.6,16 Surgery will relieve sciatica pain nine out of ten times. However, there is a change of one in twenty that the pain will return at a later stage. Surgery, is usually reserved when the compressed nerve causes a significant weakness like loss of bladder control or bowl control or when the pain progressively worsens or does not improve with other non-invasive therapies.17 Further studies conclude that there is no significant difference in the clinical outcome between conservative treatments (physiotherapy and pharmaceutical interventions) and the invasive treatments like surgery after two years in patients with sciatica.The literature is therefore not consistant regarding the best treatment intervention, the choice of treatment can be considered preference sensitive.14 The Dutch multidisciplinary sciatica guideline r ecommend that share decision making is implemented in consultations. In share decision making both the, health professional and the patient makes a decision together, weighting the best available evidence of different treatment options against each other.14,20 Patients are encouraged to consider between conservative treatment over a prolonged period and invasive treatments weighing the benefits and harm of each to select the best treatment for them.14 When making decisions about the course of clinical practice in a patient consultation, it is important to remember patients have a right to make a well-informed decision about their treatment option.22 It would be appropriate to disclose the findings of this systematic review to patients considering the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs so that a patient can make an informed decision regarding treatment options. It is essential that patients seeking treatment for sciatica understand the true extent of the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: that it only has minimal (if any) pain reduction effects when compared to a placebo or other drugs.2

Free Macbeth Essays: The Importance of Guilt :: Free Essay Writer

The Importance of Guilt in Macbeth Through the story guilt motivates Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to a great extent. Macbeth was a kind, fine nobleman of the king Duncan. But one day his benevolence and his patronage to the king changed. He had met the three witches who had revealed the three prophecies. The first prophecy was that Macbeth would become the thane of Cawdor. The second prophecy is that he will become the king in the future. The third was that Banquo’s sons will also become kings in the future (Banquo is a good friend of Macbeth). Macbeth took his future into his own hands. Lady Macbeth was the own who encouraged and persuaded Macbeth into the horrible circumstances. Guilt plays a role to the couple differently at certain occasions. Guilt encircles Macbeth the night he killed King Duncan. He came back to his wife with a horrified expression on his face. "This is a sorry sight"(Act2 scene2 line 20), he told her. . "A foolish thought, to say a sorry sight", Lady Macbeth was thunderstruck to his remark. She had no sense of guilt right then. He couldn’t believe what he had done, what he got himself into. The sons of the king, Malcolm and Donalbain, were in the next room. "There’s one did laugh in ‘s sleep, and one cried, "Murder!" That they did wake each other". I stood and heard them. But they did say their prayers, and addressed them Again to sleep. But wherefore could not I pronounce "Amen"? I had most need of blessing, and "Amen" Stuck in my throat." Macbeth had heard them say their prayers He was in fear. He was stunned and in shock that he had killed someone like King Duncan. Guilt surrounds Macbeth for the second time when he sends out the murderers to kill Banquo, his old friend. Macbeth had no other choice but to get rid of Banquo. Banquo had witnessed the three witches and the prophecies. One prophecy was that his son would become king one day "To make them kings, the seeds of Banquo kings"(Act3 scene1 line70). In order for Macbeth to be safe is to kill Banquo. Banquo may assume what had happened and tell the people of Scotland. "For Banquo’s issue have I filed my mind; for them the gracious Duncan have I murdered; Put rancors in the vessel of my peace only for them, and mine eternal jewel".

Health and Social Care Unit 3 Ao1 D Promoting Good Health

Unit 3: Promoting good health AO1-Section D (This paper got the full 3 marks) Quality of life is how satisfied we are with our lives and whether there are parts of our health that affect this or inhibit this. For example if there was a lack of money in a family due to little financial support then their quality of life would not be good. This is because they would not be able to afford the necessities of life and other recreational activities.The job of a kidney is to filter the blood and get rid of waste products; it also balances levels of electrolyte in the body, it controlling blood pressure, and stimulates the production of red blood cells. Your kidneys filter wastes and excess fluids from your blood, which then exit your body in your urine. When the kidney fails, these things are not done efficiently and so therefore can cause serious harm to your body. The signs and symptoms of kidney failure develop slowly over time if the kidneys function continues to progress inadequately.R achel Warren, daughter, sister and mother of 2 has Kidney failure. She is 33 years old and is currently paying the mortgage of her 3 bedroomed home. She is in full time work and works from 7am till 3pm and has been working here for 13 years this has affected her whole life in many different ways. However her physical health and social health are the major things that have been affected by this illness. She began showing signs of kidney failure when she was out on a walk with her family in the countryside walking up a steep hill.This is where Rachel started to feel weak and light headed, so therefore did not feel physically able to carry on with the hike. It was then that it was recommended to her that she got tested as it ran in the family. The first signs of kidney failure in Rachel were, swelling of the legs and hands and puffiness around the eyes, high blood pressure, increased urination at night and pale skin. Kidney failure has affected her quality of life ever since. PHYSICAL HEALTH Rachel’s physical health has been strongly affected by her kidney failure.One physical effect of kidney failure is that she gets worn out and feels weak so cannot do physical activities for long periods, therefore she has little energy to do the things she enjoys most in life: For example: Dog walking with her friends and close family every Sunday. She has felt out of breath and so cannot do this for a long time without feeling the need to rest at frequent periods. This is caused by Anemia which means there is less blood flow to the brain. Anaemia is something that occurs when one has kidney failure.This can cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs; a low oxygen count in your body can be the main symptom of this. As a result of this it meant that Rachel was feeling cold all of the time and often burnt herself in the bath or on a hot water bottle. This has affected her quality of life because it caused her pain and discomfort which should not occur on an everyday basis. T hree days before being called for her kidney transplant, Rachel was put on dialysis which uses an artificial device to clean and filter the blood of waste products.This caused her major pain and distress, Rachel says that this was ‘one of the most painful experiences she’s ever been through’. She said the pain was mainly in her shoulder and it felt like she was being ‘dragged down to the floor’, this affected her quality of life as for those three days she had a dependence on medicinal substances and medical aids. After the transplant Rachel still has to take drugs each day prescribed to her by her doctor, this affects her physically as if she did not take them then her body would reject the kidney.However after the surgery Rachel felt more active and so could go on long day walks again with her friends without getting out of breath. Her skin also looked noticeably healthier which brought out a new confidence within her. Once more she is now able to feel different temperatures and so no longer burns herself and feels discomfort through this. This surgery has improved her quality of life greatly and without it she would not be the person she is today, as without surgery or dialysis the kidney disease could have been fatal.After the surgery Rachel felt more active and so took up a new hobby of zumba which even a year on she still enjoys. She also is participating in a great swim to raise money for chronic kidney disease research, which has shown she is physically up to the challenge and so her quality of life is the best it could be for someone with her condition. SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS Rachel’s social health was affecting her quality of life in many ways. Due to her kidney failure she was unable to go out and meet her friends because she would get worn out very easily, even if it was just walking to the shops.This meant meeting her friends was very difficult unless they visited her. Due to this she felt tired all the time a nd so spent a lot of her time sleeping and sitting down, this affected her social life within the family as she was unable to join in with the activities her children were doing. This meant her family and friendship relationships were altered and slowed down causing her to feel stressed due to lack of connections. Rachel had to visit the hospital in Cambridge once or twice per week to have a check-up. This was 63. 5 miles away and took her 2 hours to drive it each way.Not only did this mean that she had a financial strain due to petrol costs, but she had less time to visit her friends and family so personal relationships were affected. When Rachel was on Dialysis she didn’t feel up to meeting people as she felt stressed and depressed for a little while. This affected her quality of life because the medicine given to her made her lack confidence within herself and so therefore didn’t feel like going out and meeting new people. Therefore she did not have full social supp ort from friends and work colleagues.After Rachel had the surgery she was confined to bed for 3? days after the transplant. Due to her appearance she didn’t want people to see her and make them worried so her social life halted for that time. This meant she didn’t have all the support she could have had and so made her quality of life low because of her lack of social and emotional support. She also did not go back to work for 1 ? months after the surgery so she could recover, this meant all her work colleagues were unable to support her and she was unable to help them in with the workload.This made her feel useless and annoyed to not be able to keep herself busy, this meant her quality of life was lessened as she had not been able to work and so was unable to complete her daily activities. After the transplant she felt much more active and was able to carry on with all she had done previously. This included visiting her family and friends therefore she felt less stres sed and a rise in support from her personal relationships throughout this experience. She was able to enjoy her life and had full support from her friends, family and colleagues.In conclusion Rachel’s physical and social health has been greatly affected by kidney failure. If she did not have the kidney transplant and the drugs to prevent her body from rejecting the new kidney, she would not be able to enjoy the high quality of life she has today or even be able to live it. This is because if she had not had the surgery or dialysis her condition could have been fatal. Her physical health and social health are the main factors that affect this, however she was also affected by her level of independence and her psychological health (the ways someone thinks, learns and concentrates).

Psy 600

1 Running head: PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE SUMMARY Peer reviewed article summaries PSYCH/600 Developmental Psychology March, 11, 2013 2 Running head: PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE SUMMARY Peer review article summaries Many peer reviewed articles were interesting to me; however the three that really stood out in mind is socioeconomic status and child development, Psychology and Aging: The first 20 years, and Child development. These journals stood out I taught about how it could relate to my live and adolescents at my job.Psychology and aging: The first 20 years speaks about how the aging process through the years of life has change and a few traits are still actively the same as the years went by. One characteristic that remains the same is representation of the broad spectrum of research on the development and aging. Another further type of diversity in Psychology and aging that was mention is the geographical diversity of the how the authors reviewers. Another history of the psychology and agin g process has strived to be broadly inclusive with respect to specific domains of adult development and aging process.Theoretical orientation is applied thrust of the work methodology. Early issues spoke about the basic aspects of cognition, perception, and memory. Socioeconomic status and child development talked about the differences of high and low in families. Through this article it speaks on how children from low-SES families are more likely to experience some form of growth dysfunction. It also shared how children from low –SES families were born prematurely and with some sort of birth defects. 3 Running head: PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE SUMMARYCognitive and academic attainment relationship between SES and low families’ studies has shown that children who come from poverty and low parental education are associated with lower levels of school achievement and IQ later in childhood. As for the highest SES group was shown 25 points higher than the mean of the lowest SES g roup. The link between SES and children’s social and emotional well-being is not always consistent as to cognitive attainment. There is substantial evidence that low- SES children more often manifest symptoms.Another peer reviewed article is socioeconomic status and child development, this topic remains to be interesting it speaks on child development and how children well-being is represents in three domains. Cognitive the intellectual and academic competence and how the child learning behaviors develop as they grow into an adult. Socioemotional development speaks about the social and emotional well-being is not as consistent as the cognitive attainment. The low-SES children more manifest symptoms of psychiatric disturbance and social functioning.The strength of the relationship between SES and mental disorders varies by type of disorders and race. In summary these three articles all share the information and studies that I found relatively interesting. 4 Running head: PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE SUMMARY References: Bradley, R. , & Corwyn, R. F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and child development. , (), Rose, T. Z. , Haley, W. E. , & Blanchard-Fields, F. (2006). Psychology and Aging: The first 20 years. , (), Bradley, R. H. , & Corwyn, R. (2002). Socioeconomic Status and child development. , (), .

Character Evaluation Paper Essay Example

Character Evaluation Paper Essay Example Character Evaluation Paper Essay Character Evaluation Paper Essay Young Hannibal had not only witnessed both parents death, but also the murder and cannibalism of his younger sister, Mishmash by Russian looters. He Is later rescued and turned over to an orphanage, to which he later ran away from. When he grew up he attended medical school and this Is where he plotted out revenge against those responsible for his little sisters murder. Believe that four out of the five personality traits could apply to Hannibal Elector In one way or another; openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, and agreeableness. The way the character methodically planned each crime shows hat he thought each step out carefully and was well prepared for anything that might come along. For example, in the film Hannibal Rising (2007), the way that he carefully planned the tortures and murders of each individual that was involved in his sisters death shows that he paid careful attention to each detail. This kind of planning would take time and patience. I believe Openness to Experience would be one of his traits for the fact that the character did have a very vivid imagination, which showed In the way he committed his crimes. Hannibal Elector enjoyed fine arts and appreciated beautiful things, for example in the film Silence of the Lambs (19911 while he was in the mental hospital, he has many sketches and drawings in his cell, as well as being a curator for a library in Florence, Italy. I also believe him to be intellectually curious and enjoyed new experiences. I think he tended to be more on the low side of the Agreeableness trait. There was no compassion or sympathy towards another human being in any of the films, nor was there any remorse for those that he had murdered and eaten. There always seemed to be nothing but coldness in his eyes. You might even say he kook pleasure in torturing another person by the way he looked before and after, his expression never changed. He showed no concern for any other human being other than himself and Clare, the FBI agent In Silence of the Lambs (2007). I would say that Hannibal Elector was more of an Introvert that anything. The one thing he did not Like to do In draw attention to himself, probably for the reason that he was wanted. He did not start out an introvert, in the film Hannibal (2001) he cooked gourmet meals (people) Ana seemed to enjoy tomorrow Loner parties Ana ten opera, o he was not a complete introvert. He did have a way of making a person feel at ease so that he could gain their trust; he was soft spoken, almost hypnotize in a way. Out of all five traits, Neurotics sees fitting to the character at all. He always seems to be cool and calm, never seemed to be depressed, even when he was locked up and being tormented by the psychiatrist. He seemed to bury all the anger from his past, but I believe that the deep hatred he had for some is what motivated him and kept him going. Hannibal Elector was a character that was driven by hatred, but did not show it.