Civil War Reconstruction Essays - 1009 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The period after the Civil War was a very difficult time in the United States’ history. This time was known as the Reconstruction period and it was a very controversial time. There were many issues that had to be addressed such as what to do with the free blacks in the south and how states would be readmitted to the Union. This era saw the rise of the Radical Republicans. The government was going through changes, southerners were going through changes, and blacks were going through changes. Whites in the south were left without people to work their plantations. Slavery was indeed a very important topic during this time. Many of the reconstruction plans that were proposed required states to prohibit slavery in†¦show more content†¦Johnson’s Plan had nothing to say about the rights of blacks after the war. Most Northern Democrats favored Johnson’s Plan. However Southerners were not so impressed. Many of the southern states accepted Johnson’s plan but some of them attacked the black rights issue. Some states would not ratify the thirteenth amendment. None of the southern states would allow blacks to vote. In late 1865 the southern states revised their slave codes into what became know as the black codes. This basically stripped blacks of every right and justice that was due to them. Since Johnson’s plan did not address the rights and liberties of blacks, the southern states took it into their own hands to create their own laws regarding blacks. When Congress met again they began to fight for the rights of blacks. They responded to the black codes by passing the Civil Rights Act of 1866. President Johnson vetoed the bill but Congress overruled his veto with a 2/3 majority vote. Congress’ view of President Johnson began to deteriorate. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Military Reconstruction Acts did not go over well with President Johnson. He vetoed the bill, however the Radical Republicans passed it over Johnson’s veto. These acts began in 1867 and began what was known as Radical Reconstruction. Under this plan the south was divided into five districts. Excluding Tennessee because they had already been readmitted into the Union. Each of theShow MoreRelatedReconstruction Of The Civil War1108 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica’s Mindset Although the end of the Civil War and the beginning of the Reconstruction brought great hope to America’s four million former slaves, the efforts of Congressional Reconstruction ultimately failed to establish equal rights for the freedmen because the racist mindset still dominated American society at the time and Democratic influence steadily overcame Republican control in Congress. Despite the Union’s victory, the end of the Civil War brought many significant national problemsRead MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War951 Words   |  4 PagesHistory 11 7 May 2015 Reconstruction In the beginning of 1865, the Civil War came to a close, abandoning over 620,000 dead and a destructive path of devastating all over the south. The North now was confronted with the task of reconstructing the destroyed and aggrieved Confederate states. On April 11, two days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s submission, President Abraham Lincoln delivered his last public address, during which he designated a merciful Reconstruction plans and encouraged sympathyRead MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War847 Words   |  4 Pages Microtheme One - Reconstruction The Reconstruction happened in period following the end of the American Civil and the main goal was to reintegrate the Southern Confederate States back into the Union after they had been defeated by the Union (Northern States). As would be expected, the process was met with many challenges as the interests of both groups had to be addressed. There was debate over the terms under which the Confederate States would be allowed back into the Union, and whether it wasRead MoreThe Civil War And Reconstruction977 Words   |  4 Pagescalled the Reconstruction period â€Å"America’s Second Revolution†, his characterization was correct. Reconstruction can be viewed as a revolution because the previous social order, slavery, was replaced suddenly by a more favorable one, freedom for African-Americans. There was a long period of politicization for incorporating free African-Americans into white society. Reconstruction also revolutionized the preconceived notion that the states ha d autonomous power. The Civil War and Reconstruction were revolutionaryRead MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War1560 Words   |  7 PagesPrior to the Civil War, the United States’ economy was essentially agricultural based; slavery in the South was the key player in its prosperous economy. Hence, it is no wonder the South stood in defense of slavery’s permanence when challenged with the demand for abolition. The Southern proslavery Confederate states fought against the Northern antislavery Union states during the Civil War. The Union prevailed in the war and once the Confederates seceded and left the United States with a new predicament:Read MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War1054 Words   |  5 Pages As the civil war was ending many people could see that the odds of the north winning increased dramatically however many people can argue this idea based on the several events that took place during the second phase of the civil war. Carl Schurz concluded, â€Å"The Civil War was a revo lution, but half accomplished.†(Roark et al 434) Reconstruction started before the civil war ended until 1877, when people of the United States tried figuring out how to put the country back together. Many people hadRead MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War879 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War can be described as one of the bloodiest and gruesome war ever fought on American soil. The Civil War was fought between the Union and the Confederates. The Civil War lasted for 5 years and during that 5 year period many people ended up dying, 620,000 people to be exact and millions injured, but while the numbers can be appalling; it isn t even the beginning. The war led a schism to happen in the U.S, the whole country was divided and devastated. Abraham Lincoln the president whoRead MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War1004 Words   |  5 PagesReconstruction was one of the most important periods in American history. It was a period right after the Civil War lasting from approximat ely from 1863 to 1877. During this time, the leaders of the country and the congress struggled with a challenge of bringing the South back into the Union politically, economically and socially. One of the key challenges they faced was how to reunite the nation and what to do with the thirteen rebellious states that broke off from the Union and joined the ConfederacyRead MoreThe Civil War And Reconstruction2195 Words   |  9 PagesChapter: The Civil War and Reconstruction Overview Decades before the actual Civil War the nation was under national unity, however that shifted with new political system and movements. Coming of the Civil War Resistance of Slavery Slavery was implemented in the Americas prominently during the colonial era. Their contribution and labor to plantations was incomparable. As detailed by Fitzhugh, after centuries of oppression and abuse resistance opposing slavery were in many forms beginning withRead MoreThe Civil War: Reconstruction1156 Words   |  5 Pages The Civil war could very easily be known as one of the greatest tragedies in United States history. After the Civil War, the people of The United States had so much anger and hatred towards each other and the government that 11 Southern states seceded from the Nation and parted into two pieces. The Nation split into either the Northern abolitionist or the Southern planation farmers. The Reconstruction era was meant to be exactly how the name announces it to be. It was a time for the United States

The Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks Essay - 1258 Words

Ethics, in our society, are the moral principles that govern our behavior, dictating what is right from wrong. The specifics of ethics changes as values in our society change and evolve. This occurs in Rebecca Skloots book, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. One major reoccurring theme in the book is the lack of informed consent and autonomy. Fortunately, now there are safeguards which protect human rights in regard to health care and research. The Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, now part of the Department of Health and Human Services, created The Belmont Report, which is one such safeguard establishing principles for all human research (USDHHS, 1979). This paper will discuss the ethical issue of informed consent within The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, the disregard to parts of the Belmont Report, as well as compare the role of the nurse in charge of Henrietta’s care versus the standards of care set for modern nurs es. Ethical Issue The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks focuses on many issues that Henrietta and her family have faced over the years resulting from the discovery of HeLa cells. One such issue that was recurrently present was the ethical issue of informed consent, or the lack of it, in the Lacks’ case. In the beginning when Henrietta was first being treated with radium to kill her cancerous tumor, her primary doctor, Dr. TeLinde, took a sample of the tissue and sent it to Dr. Gey, head of tissueShow MoreRelatedThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks1353 Words   |  6 Pagesregardless of race or color. In the book The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Henrietta, was never given her own rights, and was used to benefit others. Scientists and researchers profited millions from the HeLa cell line, leaving Henrietta unaware of the legacy she left behind. Henrietta had tough up brining, and was a woman who was more concerned about other people than herself. The media and scientific commun ity are responsible for treating and viewing Henrietta and her family as abstractions. The authorRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is composed of three sections: life, death, and immortality. The first section, life, focuses on Henrietta’s life; from birth to death. Her struggles with cancer, her husband and children, and her strong personality are all included in this section. The second section, death, focuses on the events that happened after Henrietta herself passed away, the official cause of death being blood poisoning from a buildup of toxins. The third and final section, immortalityRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks1027 Words   |  5 PagesThe Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Rebecca Skloot is the author of the book on the scientist contributor, Henrietta Lacks. She first learned of the HeLa cells during her biology community college class thirty years after Henrietta’s death and became interested in the person behind the cells ever since. Skloot became determined to tell the true story of Henrietta, and did whatever she could to find information. She presented numerous years of patience interviewing the Lacks to find out all theRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks947 Words   |  4 Pages The immortal life of Henrietta Lacks â€Å"The Immortal life of Henrietta Lacks† written by Rebecca Skloot exposes the truth about a colored woman, Henrietta Lacks, who died from cancer leaving five children and a husband behind. Before her death doctors took her cells,without her or her family consent, to do there own research and experiments. They discovered that her cells were immortal, they became the first immortal cells known as the HeLa cells..After the discoverment the Lacks familyRead MoreThe Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks1177 Words   |  5 PagesMelissa Dattilo Mr. Schussler First-Year Foundations 5 December 2011 Henrietta Lacks Reflection Henrietta Lacks is a mother, wife, and scientific discovery. Henrietta began her life as a normal human, growing up on tobacco farms. In 1951, her life changed forever due to the fact that she acquired cancer. Henrietta had a total of six children, in which five of them were born before the discovery of her cancer. Henrietta’s cancer proved to be quite significant in the scientific field. Her cellsRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is a book written by Rebecca Skloot in 2010 that tells the story of Henrietta Lacks and the immortal cell line known as HeLa found in her cervical cancer cells in 1951. Rebecca Skloot first heard about Henrietta Lacks in a college biology classroom back when she was a teenager. Henrietta Lacks was a 31 years old black tobacco farmer who died of cancer, and without her or her family’s knowledge, a sample of the HeLa cell wasRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks1425 Words   |  6 PagesRebecca Skloot’s book â€Å"The immortal life of Henrietta lacks† chronicles the life, death, and immortality of Henrietta lacks. Her name is Henrietta lacks but most scientists only know her as HeLa. She was a poor southern tobacco land worker who worked on the same land her enslaved ancestors did. Henrietta was a young black woman whose cervical cancer cells became one of the most important factors in bringing about the most revolutio nary advancements in both medicine and science in the twenty firstRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks1540 Words   |  7 PagesMidterm Paper: The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks On October 4, 1951 a 31 year old woman named Henrietta Lacks passed away after months of fighting aggressive Cervical cancer. Before her death, Henrietta’s doctors had taken a small sample of the Cervical tumor that had been slowly killing her and developed what would become known as the first â€Å"immortal† cell line. Without Henrietta or her family’s knowledge, researchers named the line â€Å"HeLa† and before long were distributing the constantly replicatingRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks1042 Words   |  5 Pagessitting in a college biology class when she first heard of Henrietta Lacks and the HeLa cells. In class, Rebecca saw how the HeLa cells were able to reproduce and â€Å"they became the first immortal human cells ever grown in a laboratory† (Skloot 4). Henrietta Lack was also a black woman. Rebecca became very interested and wanted to know more, but at the end of class the professor told her that there this very little in formation on Henrietta. This spurred Rebecca’s interest even more. She began extensiveRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks910 Words   |  4 PagesThe Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is about a mother that had die with a unknown cancers in which her cancerous cells stayed alive outside her body. Her family doesn t knowns until many years later when reporters and doctors starts to talk about her mothers cells in world wide. Her family wants to learn more about her mothers cells but not many of the reporter and doctors are much help. Until Rebecca Skloots the authors of this book helps her family to understand more about Henrietta cells

Main Events of World War 2 Free Essays

†¢World War II started on the third of September 1939 and ended in April 1945. Over these years the were many significant events in World War Two such as Germany declaring war on the U. S and the invasion of Poland. We will write a custom essay sample on Main Events of World War 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now A few that is of some importance that will be discussed in detail in following are the Japanese bombing Pearl Harbour, when Germany surrenders after Hitler commits suicide and when the U. S drops a bomb over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. †¢The attack on Pearl Harbour was a horrific ordeal because it was a surprising attack on the U. S navel base at Pearl Harbour conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy. The attack was in Hawaii on the morning of December 7, 1941. The U. S base was attacked by 353 Japanese fighters, all eight U. S battleships were damaged some way or another. Some being sunk, two being raised from the water and with for repaired, over all there were six in total to return to service later in the war. There were numerous reasons for the Japanese for attacking the U. S on Pearl Harbour. The tension between the two nations started in 1931 when the invasion on Manchuria by the Japanese. Although there was multiple events in World War 2 the bombing of Pearl Harbour only feed the fire of the great world war. †¢Adolf Hitler died on the 30th of April 1945 by his own bullet in Fuherbunker in Berlin. His wife Eva died along side of him by ingesting cyanide. From these acts it resulted in Germany surrendering, This is also extraordinary on account of the war ending. Hitler realizing that all hope was lost and not whishing to suffer Mussolini’s fate, the dictator of Germany committed suicide. Germany raise the white flag to the Western Allies and the soviet Union took place in late April and early May 1945. How to cite Main Events of World War 2, Essay examples

Shakespeare present Essay Example For Students

Shakespeare present Essay Ambition is not the same as happiness, and happiness is not the ultimate goal in The Tempest.  For Prospero, his ultimate ambition is to become Duke of Milan again after being usurped by his brother Antonio. Ambition should be directed towards a concept of duty and selflessness, yet once becoming ruler of the island, Prospero takes advantage of his authoritative status over the inhabitants. However, it could be argued that Prosperos authority is threatened by Caliban. He is well aware that Caliban is the rightful ruler of the island yet Prospero has something Caliban does not the power of knowledge. This magic allows Prospero to imprison Caliban and to use him as a slave. Prospero, whilst telling Miranda how they came upon the island does so using very balanced speech, in care of thee, of thee my dear one Almost as if he had rehearsed this speech, the repetition, the balanced wording and the pauses, orchestrated by the use of commas, which supports this theory that he knew exactly what he was going to say, he simply wasnt having a spontaneous conversation. Prospero also demonstrates a great understanding of himself, the use of better, greater, master show that in Prosperos mind, his Dukedom is to the fore of his thoughts, and he continually returns to this idea of reclaiming his rightful place as Duke of Milan. When Miranda and Ferdinand fall for one another, they believe it was out of their own free will. However it was Prospero who devised their meeting. He allowed Ferdinand to be stranded away from everyone else after the shipwreck enabling him to think that his companions had drowned. Prospero knew that upon seeing Ferdinand, Miranda would fall for him, A thing divine, for nothing natural I ever saw so noble. Yet Prospero began manipulating Ferdinand from the outset, he deliberately showed a disapproval of their love, knowing that in the end Miranda would rebel against him. and hast put thyself upon this island as a spy, to win it from me, the lord ont, (speaking to Ferdinand.) His plan works, although he makes it apparent that Ferdinand has to earn her hand in marriage. He even makes a comparison of him with Caliban, To the most of men, this is a Caliban Of course he wouldnt dare allow Miranda to marry Caliban, he thinks of him as a freckled whelp, hag-born. However it could also be argued that Prospero is placing Mirandas future above his own, his duty as a father in that sense takes priority. He allows another man to court her. Ferdinand is the heir to the throne of Naples; he is of a suitable rank for Miranda, which was important to the social hierarchy at the time. So, once they return to Italy her title, through marriage, will be as great, if not greater than Prosperos. Also, in a dynastic sense, it brings Milan and Naples together. Prosperos ambition for Italy is therefore realised through Miranda. Still, Prosperos desire in reality is to return to his duty as Duke of Milan. He would delight in reading his books but he cannot, because he has to fulfil the role that he was born to; that is, reclaiming his birthright. Because of that he puts his duty above personal happiness. A most auspicious star, whose influence if I now court not, but omit, my fortunes will ever after droop He is saying that if he doesnt act soon he could never regain his Dukedom and the auspicious star, or the Gods, would, effectively, punish him for that. It was fate that brought his enemies to his shore and he must succumb to it and reclaim his birthright. .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b , .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b .postImageUrl , .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b , .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b:hover , .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b:visited , .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b:active { border:0!important; } .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b:active , .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u17c7e6fb983fcfb9442bc1b4cd6ec22b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: William Shakespeare, the world's most famous playwright, Romeo and Juliet EssayTo begin with Prospero treats Caliban fairly, he taught him about his own culture and how to speak a new language. Yet when Caliban tried to rape Miranda, Thou didst seek to violate the honour of my child Prospero curses him by giving him aches and pains, side-stitches that shall pen thy breath up. As he knows that he can no longer trust him, and giving him duties to carry out through which the pain would only get worse if he does not fulfil them. Nevertheless from Calibans viewpoint he simply wished to populate his beloved island, thou didst prevent me, I had peopled else this isle with Calibans. As Miranda was the only woman or mate he saw her as his chance and therefore he does not regret it. Therefore Calibans ambition is to be free of Prosperos command, and rightfully take his island back, This islands mine, by Sycorax my mother, which thou takst from me Caliban is in service to Prospero begrudgingly and he does make his feelings shown, yet he realises that there is a great risk from arguing with Prospero as he has more power than Caliban could ever own, I must obey: his Art is of such powr Caliban is so badly affected by Prosperos treatment of him that he is easily persuaded to plot against him alongside Trinculo and Stephano, Ill yield him thee asleep, where thou mayst knock a nail into his head. Caliban understandably wants the island back, which is a sensible ambition. Yet by wanting to kill Prospero he appears unrealistic even if it were reasonable, as he should not desire to overthrow a person who is more powerful than his self. It is obvious to the reader that Caliban is the only character who sees the island for its natural beauty; he speaks in appreciative poetry and uses repetitive imagery of the surrounding habitat showing that he understands its true splendour, the isle is full of noises, sounds and sweet airs that give delight and hurt notand then, in dreaming, the clouds methought would open, and show riches ready to drop upon me, that when I waked I cried to dream again. Calibans ambitions are simple ones, no hidden agendas or deceiving thoughts, and contrast greatly to the likes of Trinculo and Stephano for instance. Trinculo and Stephano immediately think of profiting out of Caliban when they first meet him, he smells like a fishwere I in England, not a holiday fool there would give a piece of silver. If I can recover him and keep him tame, hes a present for any Emperor. This shows that they do not think of Caliban as a human being, simply a means to make a profit. They wish to exhibit this strange new creature or sell him off both are corrupt thoughts.

Work Ethic Essays - Employment, Work Ethic, Working Time

Work Ethic In today's society I believe we have lost the traditional work ethic of long ago. Being brought up in a traditional family and around a population mainly comprised of Amish, I have come to understand the work ethic that America has lost. Amish are people who lead a simple religious life unaffected by automobiles, electricity, modern appliances, or other modern convinces. This Simple puritan life is based solely around god with a strong work ethic as the backbone. Long hours are spent hand plowing the field with a horse, turning butter for family consumption, and taking pride in homemade items. Growing up around this, I see America as losing the strong work ethic of their fathers and grandfathers. People in general as showing the lack of dedication and pride in their work. Working in a factory this last summer, I saw that the corporate world functions on money and mass production. Worker Unions has also slid into a loss in pride. The main goal of workers is the personal gain of money, not quality and workmanship. Along with the work ethic in the corporate world is the work ethic based in the home. As technology increases and connivances arise, Americans are becoming increasingly lazy and the over all work ethic has been lost.

Male and Female Menopause essays

Male and Female Menopause essays Our physical ability peaks in early adulthood however, like the declining daylight after the summer solstice, our muscular strength and reaction time begin to wither. In later life, the stairs are no longer an option if the elevators around. The newsprint gets smaller and people begin to mumble. So begins the era in ones life scientifically known as the mid-life crisis. Women, because they mature earlier than men, experience this first. However men do not stay far behind. Menopause has always been a term related to just women and not men. Conclusive research and studies have proven that men go through menopause as well. Though men and women go through menopause, there are various differences in the way they experience it. For men, male menopause (also known as andropause or viropause) begins with hormonal, physiological chemical changes that occur in all men generally between the ages of forty and fifty-five, though it can occur as early as thirty five or as late as fifty-five. For women, menopause is an important part of their lives. Their bodies go through changes that affect her social life and her feelings about herself. Menopause is the medical term for the end of a womens menstrual period. It occurs when the ovaries stop making hormones called estrogen and progesterone. This causes estrogen and progesterone levels to drop and leads to the end of monthly menstrual periods. This usually occurs in women at the ages of forty-five through sixty, but can happen earlier. Men go through a change very much like women in their middle years, they like women experience the hormonal changes that affect their sexuality, mood, and temperament. The difference is that men dont experience the crisis; they just continue living. Men, unlike women, can experience menopause differently in the sense that they will go through the stages of their lives differently. Almost all women go thro...

Energy Transfer and Thermodynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Energy Transfer and Thermodynamics - Essay Example Kelvin = 373.150R C. rise of 30Celsius in Kelvin: Assume increase from 0Celsius to 30Celsius Kelvin = 30 + 273.15 = 303.15 Kelvin Kelvin = 0 + 273.15 = 273.15 =30Kelvin d. rises by 60F in R, K and C Rankine: Assume increase from -60 to 0 F Rankine = Fahrenheit + 459.67 R = -60 + 459.67 = 399.67 R = 0 + 459.67 = 459.67 = 600Rankine Kelvin: Kelvin = (Fahrenheit + 459.67) X (5/9) Kelvin = (-60 + 459.67) X 5/9 = 222.04 Kelvin = (0 + 459.67) X 5/9 = 255.37 = 33.330 Kelvin Celsius: Celsius = (Fahrenheit 32) X (5/9) Celsius = (0 32) X 5/9 = - 17.78 Celsius = (-60 32) X 5/9 = - 51.11 = 33.330C Question.5 Work and equilibrium: Work and equilibrium are related, for example when we consider two systems at equilibrium and some work is done on one of the object and temperature increases then the systems are no longer at equilibrium. Question.6 Equilibrium: hot water in a cup and the cup is at the same temperature as the water Stable state: filling a birth tab with water and yet draining the tab and therefore water will flow in and out and therefore the birth tab system is in a stable state. Uniform state: The universe is said to be uniform according to the second law of thermodynamics Question.7 Rechargeable battery: open, because it exchanges energy and matter with the environment and matter and this is why battery water is required. Household refrigerator: it is closed because it only exchanges energy with the environment but no matter is exchanged. Radiator: open water is added to the system after period of time. Question.8 Difference between a gas, a liquid and a solid In this we use water to explain the difference between gas, liquid and solid, for a solid which is ice molecules vibrate and do not move freely and that ice has a distinct shape, when we melt... This is the second law of thermodynamics that was coined by Clausius and Thomson, entropy is denoted as S and this law states that the entropy of a given system that is not at equilibrium will tend to increase over time, and that at equilibrium maximum entropy is achieved. Work and equilibrium are related, for example when we consider two systems at equilibrium and some work is done on one of the object and temperature increases then the systems are no longer at equilibrium. In this we use water to explain the difference between gas, liquid and solid, for a solid which is ice molecules vibrate and do not move freely and that ice has a distinct shape, when we melt ice we get liquid water and the molecules move freely, liquids do not have a distinct shape and will take the shape of the container. For gases molecules move freely and gases do not have a distinct shape, gases are compressible meaning that their density varies. The two heat convections include natural or free convection whereby fluid motion causes transfer of heat due to changes in density and heat advent convection or forced convection whereby heat transfer is due to movement of the liquid resulting from other forces. A closed Styrofoam cup, whic

Managing Cutbacks at the Washington State Department of Social and Essay

Managing Cutbacks at the Washington State Department of Social and Health Services - Essay Example 97) affecting DSHS are as follows: (1) the program of reforms (cutting of expenses by 25%) instituted by President Reagan through the Economic Recovery Program; (2) Washington state’s tax system based on consumption and narrow economic base; (3) citizen legislatures that do not include potential leeway for increased taxes; (4) the increase in the state’s financial support for elementary and secondary education; and (5) state legislations ordering the recent cutbacks in spending for the last six months ending June 30, 1981. These are formal mandates of the DSHS since these rules, laws, legislations imposed by the federal government and other stakeholders (education sector) dictate the organization to design strategies to meet these mandates. Through the Economic Recovery Program that instituted diverse budget cuts across all federal and state funding programs, all agencies being governed are expected to adhere to these enactments, as proposed. The tax system of Washingto n State has been focused on sales and business tax that contribute to fluctuating revenues depending on the economic cycle. However, due to the conservative stance that persists, state legislators continue to support tax cuts despite the poor economic conditions that prevailed. There have been apparent favoring business establishments by giving concessions to deferred sales during economic difficulties which decrease state revenues while expenditures for social programs are expected to increase during these periods. The state opted to cut spending, instead, rather than increase taxes. On the other hand, the key informal mandates are: (1) no personal income tax; (2) shunned federal money; (3) advocated less dependence on federally funded social and health programs; (4) parallel spending patterned after federal grant funding patterns; and (5) the conservative

Corporate social responsibility british airports plc Essay

Corporate social responsibility british airports plc - Essay Example Seeing the potential of the project BAPLC share holders seek long term benefits and have also accepted that the approach for development should meet the need for corporate social responsibility. (CSR). Over the years the concept of CSR has graduated from that of philanthropy to greater involvement of corporate in communities and now is considered as a corporate-community partnership for sustained growth and development. This has also been institutionalised internationally through the Global Compact and in the European Union through the White Paper on CSR. CSR has thus emerged as a universally accepted norm of social responsibility for corporate. It has a number of components which are discussed in succeeding paragraphs. Universalisation of the principles of CSR and corporate governance crystallized during the World Economic Forum on 31 January 1999, when the United Nation's Secretary-General Kofi Annan asked business leaders to join the international initiative led by the UN known as the Global Compact. This was slated to bring together the companies, UN agencies, labor and civil society to support universal principles with reference to environmental and social issues. Formal launching of the Global Compact took place in New York on 26 July 2000. ... These principles are as given below:- (a) Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights within their sphere of influence; (b) Business should make sure they are not complicit in human rights abuses. (c) Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining (d) Businesses should uphold the elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labour (e) Businesses should uphold the effective abolition of child labour. (f) Businesses should uphold the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. (g) Businesses should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges. (h) Businesses should undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility (i) Businesses should encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies (j) Businesses should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery. (Unglobal : 2006) The underlying principle of corporate governance related CSR is that the companies should undertake additional social responsibilities voluntarily which go beyond the regulatory frame work for good conduct of business and relate to the issues of social development, environmental protection, respect for fundamental rights of employees as well as the local population and adopt a policy of open governance. Thus society is an important stake holder in the company. This approach provides a unique opportunity for dialogue and management of change particularly in the present setting where BAPLC is establishing a new project in an area where local resistance is anticipated. The concept has support

Structure And Culture Ikea And Lego Commerce Essay

Structure And Culture Ikea And Lego Commerce Essay In this assignment I am meant to be working for an organization holding a trainee management consultant and at the end of my training I have to submit a report. My report will be about two private organizations where I discuss their structure and culture, how it affects the business performance. I also need to research how each company deals with their employees and problems faced with employees. An important figure is picked for each company and have discussed the leadership style used by both. In addition I explore the classical approaches which are being used in the companys and the different techniques to management used by each organization. In my PowerPoint presentation, I offer a consultation to my client organization on motivational theories and effective teamwork. Acknowledgement I Sayarah Saleem confirm and acknowledge the fact that this assignment was done by me alone. I have researched and studied the tasks given and have given the references from where I have obtained the information. Executive Summary The two private organizations that I have chosen are IKEA and LEGO in my report because I think its they are good examples of describing the structure and culture of each organization. They are both different in their own way , with how they deal with employee issues and how the organization is run. One is family oriented and the other , which got an outsider as a CEO in 2004 in order to change the company around. Table of Contents Task 1 1.Report 1.1 Analyze the structure and culture if the two organizations. In your analysis you have to engage in a comparison and contrasting of their structure and culture. 1.2 Further clearly evaluate how the structure of each company supports its culture and how this relationship effects business performance. 1.3 Explore and state what each company does in order to identify and solve employee behavioral problems. 2. Understand different approaches to management and leadership. 2.1 Select a prominent figure one from each company and compare the effectiveness of their leadership styles. 2.2 How to the two companies practice the classical approach to management. 2.3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by the two organizations. In discussing your answer you have to use your knowledge on contingency approach to management. Task 2 Presentation References Bibliography Task 1 Task 1:Report Understand the relationship between organizational structure and culture IKEA LEGO 1.1 Lego began in the early 1930s by a gentleman named Ole Kirk Kristiansen and till date kept with the family, passed on by generation to the next generation. Lego has been named twice the toy of the century and has maintained the toy, the building brick. The organizational structure that Lego uses which best suits them is the functional structure, this structure is most widely used by companies. Basically the company has different departments to which they have delegated people to, and heads of that department according to the function. Some of these departments are Sales, Accounts, product development etc. Using this structure allows them to show the pyramid of hierarchy. It gives a clear view of the organizational chart and who are at the highest rank. Lego being based in so many countries uses a divisional structure which consists of three segments, and these are market, product and geographical. The other company which I have chosen to analyze is IKEA. IKEA was founded in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad . IKEA is the worlds biggest furniture company that concentrates on innovative, fashionable furniture at inexpensive prices. Mr. Kamprad didnt want any normal organizational structure for the company, instead he formed a complex system of foundations, holding companies and trusts. The companys structure then divided into three for each of his son. The reason he did this was to prevent taxs and also to make sure that the company would not be divided due to family dispute. In actual fact IKEA is being held by a foundation which has a group under them that controls the companies that runs IKEAs individual operations. Between the two companies it is evident that while one has a typical corporate structure , the other is so committed in creating equality amongst the family and a fool proof method to ensure that the company will not be divided in the future. 1.2 The same way that Ikea has created their organizational structure they have also supported the company culture by sharing that they not just want to hire people but have a chance of bringing in unique individuals to share the same values of the company. To make them feel as they are all associates in the company. Not only does IKEA evaluate the person based on skills and expertise but also if they have the same culture as IKEA themselves. The assumption is that skills are easier to develop than personality traits, attitudes and values This in return promises happier employees who feel as if they are working for their own. Employees who like, themselves want to buy furniture, take it home and assemble at home will also make the customers feel the same. Lego on the other hand concentrated on their Danish values of hard work , modesty and teamwork. They look after their employees with respect and high standards, also incorporating global principles for those working overseas. Lego has always been strict about following all laws, rules and regulations in the countries they are in. Their employees in return offer their company which is so largely respected , great service, hard work and offer nothing but the best to their customers. 1.3 There are several different leadership methods which companies take on, IKEA however have not confined themselves to one particular method, instead taken the best parts of each method and combined their own. There is the Autocratic style, which is the basic team and supervisor style, Democratic , which allows the employee to think and make decisions on behalf of the company. Laissez Faire , where employees are given few guidelines and limits to carry out activities , which gives them freedom but may result in less productive work. Consultative is like the democratic style, very alike. Finally we have paternalistic where the manager , supervisor has tough ideas where he will require input and ideas for developing the business from the employees. By doing this IKEA has been able to avoid large scale employee behavioral problems. This is not to say that they dont have employees who have been disappointed either by not keeping their promise on pay raises and not even considering thei r opinions. IWAY which is IKEAs code of conduct, assures their employees the right to organize and order all overtime be voluntary. They also ensure wages are paid on time and not be withheld. Employees are entitled to medical, social insurance and pension. This way IKEA allows their co-workers their freedom and benefit all legal rights. IKEA hires a law firm called Jackson Lewis to encourage workers to attend meetings in order to discourage unions. One of Legos important rules was to maintain employees safety, therefore they set a goal to reach the top ten safe places to work for employees by 2015. Their main concern was to improve and maintain the work-life balance; this is basically to retain the employees motivation and satisfaction with their position at Lego. Lego has their system of flexible work hours, work from home option which are all ideal mainly for a working mother has made themselves enter Working Mother Magazine 100 best companies list . Lego involve themselves in providing wellness programs and leave entitlement for the mother up to 26 weeks of leave with their job assured of. Families looking to adopt are entitled to $5000 and fertility treatments are fully covered. Task 2 2.1 Lego Jorgen Vig Knudstorp is a leading and most prominent figure at lego, he has had the most challenging role of having revive Lego as the company had taken a turn for the worst. Mr. Knudstorp knew that in order to change things around he needed to be trusted and relied on. Doing so Mr. Knudstorp would be able to incorporate new methods to revive Lego from its low. He was an intelligent man to believe that for things to be done he needed to managing at eye level which meant liaising with the production workers, engineers , discussing to reduce sales declining with the sales and marketing department. Jorgen Vig Knudstorp reminded the management that they were there to maximize the firms value, this would be identififying why till date the lego group exists. He wanted their to be a less strict structure and a more free management style from the bottom to the top, empowering employees to make decisions at all levels. Jorgen Vig Knudstorp used the strategic leadership style, this which made employees share values,visons and goals, strengthening them to make decisions with minimum monitoring. It is defined that a strategic leader persuades for change and looks for new ways ideas, and improvement to better the company in order to allow the company to move onward. IKEA Ingvar Kamprad the founder of ikea, being a school dropout and began making furniture at the age of 17 uses the democratic style of leadership to run his company. Mr. Kamprad encouraged parallel management so that each can manage their purpose effectively. The reason for this same level management was so that employees opinion and feedback will help them feel like they are required in the company. This in return makes the employees want to work harder and feel as if they are working for their own. Mr. Kamprad however did have many things under his control like the financial details and of the companys structure. He encouraged his employees to work hard with stern business beliefs however to still have fun whilst working for IKEA, he preferred giving guidelines, showing methods of how things should be done instead of revealing authority and giving out orders. 2.2 Since the classical approach is purely based on acknowledging the idea that only the economical and physical needs of the employee are important and that their personal life and job satisfaction are irrelevant, Lego however believes strongly in allowing their employees to work freely within the organization. It is a place where all share the same value, of empowering children to learn. Lego wanted to strive to be the best toy company instead of being the biggest. The classical approach includes scientific, administrative and bureaucratic management. The scientific management theory was developed by Frederik Taylor (1856-1915). This theory had 4 steps, firstly by sorting the job into smaller pieces, then to pick the most capable employees to perform the job and train them, finally supervisors are used to monitor them. This theory came about at the time that organizations were large and industrialized to increase productivity to its maximum. Henri Fayol ( 1841-1925) developed a fourteen principles of management. These principles were: Division of Labor: to increase production and quality through specialization Authority and Responsibility: Where authority is shown, responsibility must be given and this works both ways. Discipline; Respect and order for the agreements between the company and their workers. Line of Authority: Clear view of the company hierarchy Centralization: Authority is given only to the highest in command. Unity of Direction: All are on the same track to lead the organization. Unity of command: Employee receives instructions from only one supervisor/manager. Order: Every employee is placed where they would contribute the most. Initiative: Creating action plans and carrying it out. Equity: Take care of all employees fairly with respect. Remuneration of personnel: Payment of salaries to employees accordingly. Stability of Tenure: to provide long term employment. General interest over individual interest: the companys priority will be before the employees. Esprit de corps: Harmony of the employees brings a strong union. Mr. Kamprad of IKEA believed that the workplace should be like everyday life, being free and at ease, instead wearing formal work attire, addressing colleagues in a personal manner. The company arranges once a year for at least week for the managers to work in the showrooms and warehouses. New ideas and innovations were always welcome at IKEA, the employees were always encouraged to come up with creative solutions. How did the concept of customers picking up their purchases arise? This is when they realized in order to cost cut and provide quick service, to engage in customers in self-selection. The customers choose their items, write them down and go down to the warehouse to collect their items. IKEA has a mission of spreading the companies philosophies and practices throughout the organization by assigning IKEA ambassadors that had been specifically trained and placed strategically within the company. They would in turn train their subordinates and act as role models. In my report it is evident that both IKEA and Lego do not have a strict list of management procedures which have brought them to where they are today. Bearing in mind that in 2004, when Lego CEO Jorgen Vig Knudstorp joined the organization he needed to save the company from the dire state that it was in. This required that whichever practices that were taking place needed to be evaluated and changed in order to revive the company. IKEA being a family oriented company, is not particularly head by the founders sons. Instead created a holdings company that managed the IKEA organization which was run by Mr. Kamprads sons. By studying and researching both companies it is safe to say that there is no exact approach to management followed by each. The contingency approach also known as situational approach supports the thought that there is no one best way to management. Each organization just like humans and conditions can change and differ from time to time. Therefore by studying the current situation of the organization, will the management of the company know what practices to enforce. Management had to think of environmental factors, for example weather, technology that could alter the organizations productivity.

The Orphan Characters of in Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay -- Heart o

The Orphan Characters of Heart of Darkness  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      All Conrad's major characters are, in a fundamental sense, orphans. To men like Marlow, his parents offer him no predestined place in an ordered world, or, if such a place exists, they do not feel it is a real alternative for them. The knowledge of a hostile, annihilating force at the center of existence brings to Conrad's characters a constant sense of their personal vulnerability. Before this revelation, they were orphans in search of a ground for their lives, but they never doubted their ability to discover such a ground. For most of Conrad's characters, the experience of vulnerability marks the real beginning of their voyage. Conrad's novels are attempts to come to terms with this experience, to work out ways of living with or overcoming this knowledge, for only if some such way can be found can man ever attain a stable identity. Perhaps mind can confront the darkness directly and master it. Although this darkness is in its essence something alien to mind, if mind can asset its control over this force, if it can give it rational form and substance and thus fix the image of the "ombre sinistre et fuyante" the darkness will be robbed of its destructive potential. By assimilating its sources in this way, it might still be possible for man to achieve self, sufficiency. While he will not have found a father, found some source, which naturally confers its reality upon him, man will have made one. For most of Conrad's characters, the initial thrust of their attempt to assert sovereignty over the ground of their existence is directed toward its immediate source in the irrational. Ultimately, however, man's efforts to control the darkness must lead him beyond t... ...land; it is among the things they order better in France. Mr.Graham Greene, who has learned both from France and Conrad, has grasped this fact, and never proposes to make our flesh creep as Conrad and James in these stories do. Kurtz may be described as the logical consequence for any man of admitting a breach in those defenses that the guarding of personal integrity constantly requires. The line of human heads with which his station had been embellished only showed, Marlow reflects, "that there was something wanting in him- some small matter which, when the pressing need arose, could not be bound". Or- as it is expressed elsewhere - "his nerves went wrong". There are several other tales of this period- notably Falk and The End of the Tether-, which turn upon this theme. And it makes, if with a somewhat less lurid coloring, the basis of Lord Jim (1900). (22)   

Subculture: Electro House Raver

The hallway is dark and all you hear are melodic beats getting steadily louder growing with your anticipation as you walk closer to the entrance. The hallway opens up to a huge warehouse stuffed with ravers. Strobe lights blind you at first but their inviting energy gets you in the mood. Up front is a DJ mixing continuous beats making the floor pulsate. All of your senses are heightened giving everything movement and energy. Electro House is more than just a genre of music. This genre has formed into a subculture because of its enormous following, lifestyle, and roots. The electro house music lifestyle grabs hold of mostly youth. However race, gender, and socioeconomic status is all ranges. A younger crowd is drawn to this genre because of the fun party scene involved and the care free attitude the genre evokes. The electro house genre became more than just music in the 2000’s. Popular DJ’s became the main draw for clubs. Typically this kind of party is called a rave. A rave describes the atmosphere which is dark, has strobe lights and sometimes accompanied by a projection of images to go along with the music. Ravers are the people who go to raves. This is the person who evokes the house music lifestyle. Typically a raver is young, dresses fashionably, and sometimes likes the drugs ecstasy, cocaine, and or MDMA. Raves can be known for their drug consumption but not all ravers are like this. An experienced raver usually brings or wears something that glows. If a raver brings glow sticks this allows an opportunity to dance with one in each hand, this is very popular while listening to electro house music. The fast paced music allows the ravers to dance rhythmically and can be compared to tribal like movements. In every day slang electro house is called electro. Jargon is also used to describe different kinds of electro house music. A bootleg is a remix made by a DJ who doesn’t have the official legal rights or permission to make the remix. These kinds of remixes are common and are done by every DJ. Mashups are similar and involve a producer taking elements from different tracks and putting them together to make a new one. White labels are twelve inch vinyls released for test pressing containing the bootleg tracks or remixes. Ravers also have a slew of jargon when talking about ecstasy. Mostly the terms E, X, or rolls are used and when on the drug most refer to it as â€Å"rollin†. To understand the subculture of electro house the history of house music needs to be established. House music in its first form was disco. The history of house music starts back in 1977 when â€Å"Saturday Night Fever† came out. â€Å"Saturday Night Fever† was an instant hit and a surge of young americans went to disco clubs. Disco at this time was a blend of 70’s funk, soul music, and rock. Most of the disco scene was in New York until 1979 when it spread to underground warehouses in Chicago and Detroit. The creation of house music was an attempt to get listeners hooked. So Chicago and Detroit DJs decided to introduce new techniques in the way disco was being presented. This combined with its separation from New York disco helped it evolve into its own genre. House music became known as more edgier, raw, and incorporated more diverse sounds. Electric keyboards, beat boxers, as well as beat machines helped to refine it into what it is today. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Iowa still have one of the largest house scenes to this day. Plenty of sub-genres of house music has formed since the 1970’s. There is acid house music, latin house, disco house, hard house, funky house, chicago house, NRG house, tech house, New York house, and the largest electro house. Electro house grew from house music and has shown its superiority since 2000. Electro house music differentiates from house music with its four to the floor beats, analogue basslines, high pitched leads, usually accompanied by a piano or string riff. The electro house tempo ranges from 120-130 bpm. The word electro comes from the 1980’s electro movement by which it was influenced. After the 1980’s synth pop sound came the electroclash movement of the early 2000’s. This is where electro house was born, particularly from the Detroit techno scene. The electro house genre has become steadily more popular on the Billboard Top 100. The mainstream electro house songs usually feature a remix of a slower original song like Kid Cudi, â€Å"Pursuit of Happiness† later remixed by Steve Aoki to become an electro house anthem. Other notable electro house DJ’s are Benny Benassi, Daft Punk, Crookers, David Guetta, Deadmau5, Justice, Klaas, MSTRKRFT, Spencer & Hill, and The Bloody Beatroots. Electro house music’s popularity has been on the rise since 2000. You tube has allowed this genre to spread because unknown DJ’s know have an effective platform to showcase their talents. Electro house ravers have a belief system similar to the disco era. Both groups of young adults want to escape their problems and live in the present. Their intertwining beliefs stem from house evolving from disco. Electro house makes it their own by taking it to a level of embracing who you are. An electro house raver isn’t easy to define because they embrace who they want to be. When you walk into a rave you will see some people dressed in halloween type costumes such as angel wings and bright neons or others in regular street clothing. You don’t have to wear a particular type of outfit to fit in. Electro house lovers value this because it’s about the music. The drug ecstasy is widely embraced for this reason. It always the raver to unwind and leave behind their troubles. Disco in the 70’s and electro house of today both allow an escape for their generation. This is also why electro house has such a wide range of youth followers. There’s no pressure to be rich or be a certain race. Where ever you are from and what ever you do electro house will embrace you.

Buddhism and Christianity Essay

Thesis: While both Christianity and Buddhism were religions that encourages kindness and renunciation of wealth, Christianity caused a stir with Jesus’ hatred against the greedy rich and powerful and his alliance with the lower class, which eventually lead to his execution, whereas Buddhism’s leader, Buddha, spread a message that was not threatening to the high class, letting him live his life until his natural death at 80. This Venn diagram compares and contrasts Buddhism and Christianity. It represents my key knowledge and thinking skills by showing my ability to diagnose important similarities and differences between the two major religions, My Venn diagram is okay, but there is room for improvement. It lists some key similarities and differences, but they are worded in an awkward manner. Christianity Christianity * First Christians were persecuted by the Roman Empire (because of the Christians’ refusal to worship the roman polytheistic religion) * By the time Theodosius was Emperor, Christianity became the preferred official religion of the Roman Empire. * Women’s role in church slowly deteriorated * The Great Schism split Christianity into two religions, Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox. * Saint Paul spread the small religion  * First Christians were persecuted by the Roman Empire (because of the Christians’ refusal to worship the roman polytheistic religion) * By the time Theodosius was Emperor, Christianity became the preferred official religion of the Roman Empire. * Women’s role in church slowly deteriorated * The Great Schism split Christianity into two religions, Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox. * Saint Paul spread the small religion Changes Changes Continuities Continuities * Strong denial of gods of other Religions * The Bible stayed a constant Main religious text for Christianity * Extremely Monotheistic * * Went from worshipping Brahma to three deities (Vishnu, Siva and Brahma) * Women were not allowed to perform sacrifices anymore  * Went from having sacrifices of animals to personal sacrifices (fasting) * Changed from Brahmanism and lunar and solar lineages to Hinduism. * Went from worshipping Brahma to three deities (Vishnu, Siva and Brahma) * Women were not allowed to perform sacrifices anymore * Went from having sacrifices of animals to personal sacrifices (fasting) * Changed from Brahmanism and lunar and solar lineages to Hinduism. Changes Changes Continuities Continuities Hinduism Hinduism Open to everyone * Caste system * Intentional misinterpretation of Hindu texts To keep patriarchy Thesis: While Christianity and Hinduism both had continuities of (respectively) a strong sense of denial of other religions’ gods and a strong caste system, both had major changes such as going from a heavily persecuted religion to the Roman Empire’s official religion and switching from animal sacrifices to personal sacrifices. The two tables show changes and continuities for two  major religions, Christianity and Hinduism. The table shows my key thinking skills by being able to point out key continuities and changes. My Table is a little bit sparse on the continuities side, but the changes for Christianity are plentiful. I need to work on researching with more effort. Thesis: Although the four main religions, Buddhism, Brahmanism, Hinduism and Christianity affected the role of women, the poor social role of women outside of church was uniform in all the regions of these religions. Patriarchy is very much alive in all of them. My spoke diagram shows a variety of religions. The statements are also positive and negative towards patriarchy. It shows my key thinking skills by displaying quotes for all the statements. My spoke diagram could use more statements, five seems like enough, but more would be better. I think I did a great job on putting quotes for all the statements. Analyze similarities and differences in attitudes and treatment towards women in TWO of the following societies in the Classical period. Han China (206 B.C.E.–220 C.E.) Mauryan/Gupta India (320 B.C.E.–550 C.E.) Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E.–476 C.E.) or Analyze similarities and differences in methods of political control in TWO of the following empires in the Classical period. Han China (206 B.C.E.–220 C.E.) Mauryan/Gupta India (320 B.C.E.–550 C.E.) Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E.–476 C.E.) cause of the cast system and its traditions, India had more of a social code of conduct instead of rigid laws. Tradition of having local princes also was a cause of the fall of the Maurya Empire, because they made it easier to rebel against the main government China During the HAN dynasty, Confucianism came back into government with high sights on education, the tradition of using the mandate of heaven ensured that the Han Empire fell by 3rd century CE. And the Qin Empire fell in a mere 20 years since he lost his mandate of heaven Confucianism taught orderly society with relationships. The tradition of bureaucracy in the Chinese government kept power in the wealthy class. * So they traveled on the Silk road and also traveled to Spain and France * All the provinces conquered by the Roman empire now were influenced to become Christians * So he wrote the gospels * So he used the Roman Roads and traveled all across the Empire, spreading the word of Christ * So they traveled on the Silk road and also traveled to Spain and France * All the provinces conquered by the Roman empire now were influenced to become Christians * So he wrote the gospels * So he used the Roman Roads and traveled all across the Empire, spreading the word of Christ Cause and Effect of the spread of Christianity Cause and Effect of the spread of Christianity Cause Effect * Christians were expelled from the Roman Empire * Theodosius made Christianity the  Roman Empire’s Official religion * St. Paul wished to make Christianity A major religion * St. Paul wanted to spread the Religion throughoutCause and Effect of the spread of Buddhism Cause and Effect of the spread of Buddhism Roman Empire Effect * His word was spread in India, but not much more than the Ganges River. * Buddhism spread even more in India, to northern India even. * The monks made the Chinese believe in Buddha * He promised himself to make up for it by spreading Buddhism by erecting stupas Effect * His word was spread in India, but not much more than the Ganges River. * Buddhism spread even more in India, to northern India even. * The monks made the Chinese believe in Buddha * He promised himself to make up for it by spreading Buddhism by erecting stupas Cause * Buddha traveled in India * After Buddha’s death monks also traveled in India * Monks traveled along the Silk Road * Asoka was appalled by the bloody Battle of Kalinga Thesis: Although both Christianity and Buddhism spread along the Silk Road, Christianity moved along this trade network because of exiled Christians who were seeking a home away from the Roman Empire, whereas Buddhism spread voluntarily, with monks successfully trying to convert the Chinese. The cause and effect table lists the causes and the effects of the spread of two major religions, Buddhism and Christianity. It displays my abilities to  make connections to major effects and their causes. The table is okay. It has four causes and effects for both religions, which is not great. For Buddhism, it seems a little too focused on monks traveling to spread Buddhism. Thesis: Although both China and India’s political systems were influenced by tradition, India’s caste system created no need for laws, while the qin dynasty’s legalistic system created very rigid ones. The two flowcharts show a continual effect of tradition or religion on India and China’s political systems. It displays my abilities to connect separate events into one continuous lineage of facts. The flowcharts do point out main ideas I was trying to display, but they seem a little bit incoherent at times.

Architect essays

Architect essays As an architect you will design buildings and other structures. You will provide services to the people that you are working for. They tell you what they want and you basically do exactly what they want. First you start with the client and discuss what they want. You could stay with the client throughout the entire project or you may decide to recommend another architect to finish the job. During the discussion you and the client will talk about the objectives the requirements and the budget of the project. Not only do you design the house but also you do the lay out for the heating, air conditioning, electrical and the plumbing. You will also help get bids for the project, get the contractor and the building site. You work with a lot of people all the time. You work with them from the beginning of the project until the end. You will also work with data. You do the angels and use a lot of math for other stuff. You also work with a lot of different things. You are working with the buildings the materials and such stuff. To become an architect you need at least these key skills: designing; engineering; managing; supervising; communication and Computer Aided Design (CAD). You can go to any accredited school to become an architect, but of course some are better than others. After schooling you need to do a 3-year internship, and while doing this you can still go to more school or take the Architect Registration Exam (ARE). Once the 3 years is up you can go out on your own or continue with the same person. In every state you need to be licensed to be an architect. You also need to have a professional degree in order to go out. A lot of you time is spent in the office working with people or designing new buildings. The rest of your time on the job is at the site making sure every thing is going as planned and there are no mistakes. You do not really have too much free time you are always doing som ...

Should Pornography Be Restricted by Law Term Paper

Should Pornography Be Restricted by Law - Term Paper Example The web has a reputation for being an uncontrolled and chaotic mass of information that scares some people as much as it intrigues others. Pornography has also carved out a substantial niche in this new media environment, proving that, perhaps, whether one likes it or not, pornography is not stopping, and is everywhere, especially in terms of dominating new media applications such as the web and the home video business (and now DVDs). This is a very profitable industry worldwide in a free market. a coded and polarized argument. On a societal level, pornography has positive and negative effects, but within the polarized and polemical arguments of advocates and censors, there tends to be more of a one-sided perspective. The objectification of women is one issue that centers a societal treatment of pornography, but again, in speaking (and asking questions) in a societal form, once misses out on the crux of the issue: is the individual to be free to pursue pornography, or is the society to be protected from it? Most women are objectified in pornography, but does this necessarily mean that they have to be objectified by it as consumers of it? Again, the issue is more one of the society and the individual being seen to be at odds in terms of representative and respective freedom (individual) and protection (society). Studies have contested that in none of the behavioral studies on pornography and violence â€Å"‘has a measure of motivation such as likelihood to rape ever ch anged as a result of exposure to pornography.’ Men who are already predisposed to violent attitudes toward women may be more sexually aroused by violent materials.  

Another Gender Issue that Needs an Immediate Solution. Women groping Essay

Another Gender Issue that Needs an Immediate Solution. Women groping - Essay Example In Sharon Moshavi’s essay titled, â€Å"Groped,† the author recounts her experience when a man who looked decent groped her on the street. Unlike some Japanese women who would stay mum about the issue, Moshavi beat the man as much as she liked. The issue of groping implies gender issues which ultimately challenge authorities to do their share in resolving the problem. Moshavi’s account of the groping experience can be considered an unusual act in Japan. Beating the man who violated her may be heroic to some, and very few women in Japan can do the same thing. Being subject to groping when walking on the streets alone is a gender issue that can be traced in the history and culture of a particular country. Specifically, Moshavi confesses that â€Å"in Japan, I don’t have much opportunity to get angry. People just don’t do it. Yelling and anger are considered immature† (in Rutledge 17). By not expressing anger, women could be misinterpreted by me n. Men do not feel afraid to grope women, thinking that the latter will stay calm about it. On the one hand, the culture of the people can be a significant factor to the problem. Being afraid of the groper is an act that could tolerate the offender because he will not think of the circumstance that would eventually happen. Moreover, as Moshavi mentions, â€Å"I’ve been pawed and pinched from India to Indonesia† (in Rutledge 16) It should be noted that the countries she mentions, including Japan are all located in Asia. This implies a possibility that the incidence of groping could be related to the Asian culture because expressing anger and being furious is not common among Asians, whereas in the US expressing anger is a part of daily life. Addressing the groping problem in Japan, authorities claim that having commuter trains for women is not the solution to the problem. In Paul Jackson’s article which appeared in The Daily Yomiuri Tokyo, an authority claims tha t â€Å"the communication gap between the sexes† (Jackson, â€Å"Women Only: Are train carriages for females an effective solution or effective PR?†) may be part of the frivolous behavior of Japanese men. Japanese men may see their anonymity in commuter trains as an opportunity to get free from the rigid, traditional roles they play in society. Considering this, the problem really points to a cultural issue. Ultimately, the current issue reflects a more serious gender problem for Asian women than for American or other women in the West. Nevertheless, one needs to establish the statistics to prove this point. On the other hand, the problem of groping may not just be a cultural issue. It may imply the current situation of women in media, school, and society in general. Jackson quotes Sanae Tanaka, a lawyer, saying that the increase in the violence against women may be due to the commonality of the issue in social places such as commuter trains. â€Å"It has become far m ore normal to hear people talking about sex and sexual harassment† (Jackson, â€Å"Women Only: Are train carriages for females an effective solution or effective PR?†). People, particularly those in Japan, are getting used to discussing about sex in public places. Likewise, there are men who bring pornographic materials in trains. This observation is not limited to Japan. In fact, many magazines from the West may be considered as pornographic materials easily available worldwide in supermarkets and coffee shops. With this consideration, the problem of groping may be considered a global gender problem. It makes one wonder how come women in magazines are recruited to pose in sexy pictorials if they

Genetic and society Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Genetic and society - Article Example It benefits processors and farmers because its bruise resistance making it financially cost effective. The cons of innate potatoes are that, some researchers think that, though approved the technology is not regulated adequately as the methods used to suppress the genes are not well comprehended. Some of the substances important to the crop for pest protection and nitrogen use are also being suppressed. Consumers, restaurants and food companies have expressed health concerns by rejecting such crops for it may cause cancer. Simplot Company engineering the potato says the potato has genes such as bacteria and promises of its health benefits (Pollack, para.1-3, 9). In conclusion, the innate potato has both economic and health effects. The approval of this potato by the national potato Council has reservations. The food industry had been advised to reduce acrylamide levels by the F.D.A by issuing a guideline on potato handling from farm to cooking. Undoubtedly, many companies have adopted this measure and do not need the genetically engineered

The Postmodern Era of Graphic Design Essay Example for Free

The Postmodern Era of Graphic Design Essay The 1980s was characterized with the rise of eclecticism as an art trend. Style was no longer dictated by established rules but by the random convergence of different theories and practices. The aforementioned phenomenon, in turn, ushered the postmodern wave in graphic design. The liberal atmosphere that prevailed over their craft prompted many graphic designers to come up with more creative and daring works. In the late 1970s, some educators in the field of graphic design started questioning the rigidity and minimalism of graphic modernism (Heller 9). Graphic modernism, a graphic design trend that originated from Switzerland in the 1950s and the 1960s, placed emphasis on simplicity, universality, rationality, abstraction and structural expressionism (Heller 6). It was eventually became the standard style in several corporate and institutional design groups both in Europe and in the US. The academe soon followed suit – schools such as the Philadelphia College of Art, University of Cincinnati and Yale developed curricula that emphasized the prolonged study of abstract design and typographic form (Heller 7). In the process, graphic designers who worked outside the academic and corporate settings were alienated. Majority of these artists were strongly affiliated with the punk movement of the late 1970s and early 1980s. They expressed their adherence to punk culture through aggressive, destructive and uninhibited graphic designs. Some of them, however, combined the influences of punk culture and graphic modernism in their works, bringing about the era of postmodernism in graphic design (Raizman 360). British-born Neville Brody was one of the most well-known graphic designers who used this novel style. He parodied the uniformity and consistency of corporate graphics by experimenting with original lettering and trademarks. Magazines such as The Face later used his typefaces, paving the way for their development towards being able to convey moods and attitudes beyond the range of fonts available from foundries (Raizman 360). One of Brody’s typefaces, Industria (1984), was â€Å"a bold sans serif typeface with a combination of blunt rectangular positive and negative shapes and knife-edged terminations for a number of letters† (Raizman 360). Other graphic designers of the punk movement, meanwhile, made their works from found material. Using pictures and texts that were cut from old magazines and newspapers, they were able to come up with striking posters that conveyed entirely new messages (Poynor 41). This torn-paper collage approach to graphic design eventually became the springboard for the development of other forms of postmodern graphic design. Other graphic designers used loose, spontaneous brush strokes in their paintings in order to make them resemble torn-paper collages (Poynor 42). Some low-budget club promotions, meanwhile, gave existing art an edgy twist by deconstructing them (Poynor 38). The advent of computer technology in the 1990s and in the beginning of the 21st century further entrenched the era of postmodernism in graphic design. The availability of affordable (if not free) and user-friendly computer software can allow anyone to create striking graphic designs. With just a little creativity, even those who did not undergo formal training in graphic design can come up with works that can surpass even those of professionals. It would be fair to say, therefore, that postmodernism democratized the concept of graphic design. Without any rules to follow except his or her own, anyone can create an artwork using materials that are either affordable or free. The only factors that should be taken into consideration are individual creativity and imagination. Indeed, it is only human beings who put a limit to whatever they are capable of accomplishing. Works Cited Heller, Steven. The Education of a Graphic Designer. 2nd ed. New York: Allworth Communications Inc. , 2005. Poynor, Rick. No More Rules: Graphic Design and Postmodernism. London: Laurence King Publishing, 2003. Raizman, David. History of Modern Design: Graphics and Products since the Industrial Revolution. London: Laurence King Publishing, 2003.

Analysis of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Analysis of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs efficiency on the pain reduction for people with sciatica in clinical practise and patient centred care. Introduction Low back pain (LBP) is a common disorder in the western world, affecting about 80 percent of the general western world population at some point in their life.8 According to Australian Bureau of statistics (ABS) 2014-2015 National Health Survey (NHS) 16% of the Australian population experience low back pain.10 Moreover, LBP have effects on the functional capacity of people in the work environment, creating a large economic and social burden on society.2, 8 Sciatica forms part of the LBP group and is in the heterogeneous subgroup.2 Sciatica is a disorder that arise from pressure on the sciatic nerve root.3, ,9 Sciatica can be distinguish from LBP as radiating pain that follows a dermatomal pattern in the leg.6ÂÂ   Sciatica is therefore a term to describe a specific symptom of LBP and is not a diagnosis itself.2,5 The yearly estimated prevalence of sciatica is two percent up to fourteen percent.3 Out of every 1000 western world inhabitant 5-10 develop sciatica.12Sciatica also known by several synonyms in academic literature such as lumbosacral radicular syndrome, nerve root pain or nerve root compromise.3Causes of sciatica may or may not include trauma or injury to the spine, spinal canal narrowing and bone spurs.1-2 Most sciatica cases are self-resolved between six and twelve weeks from the onset of symptoms.9,12 However sciatica that does not resolve itself after a few weeks needs medical treatment.6,9Treatment of sciatica is primarily aimed at pain reduction either by reducing pressure on the nerve root or by pain relieving drugs.6 The most common pain relieving drug prescribed for the pain management of sciatica is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 2,3 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, reduce inflammation and swelling, relieve pain temporarily and lower a raised body temperature. In the systematic (Cochrane) review Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for sciatica a number of people with chronic, subacute (pain for less than twelve weeks) and acute sciatica (pain of more than twelve weeks) aged sixteen years and older were examined. A total of ten randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were identified as eligible to be included in the systematic review, involving 1651 participants aged sixteen to seventy five years of age.2 The aim for the review is to determine whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a pain reduction effect, whether it have an overall improvement and whether it have adverse side effects when compared to placebos, other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other drugs in patients experiencing sciatica.2 What was found is that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have no adverse effects in pain reduction for patients experiencing sciatica when compared to the placebo and other drugs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs shown a better overall improvement when compared to other drugs and the placebo. However, this must be treated with caution as the trial quality is low. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs also shown a higher risk of side effects when compared to the placebo.2 This summative article will analyse the implications of these findings for clinical practice and patient-centred care, it will also interpret the findings of the systematic (Cochrane) review and discuss a range of clinical opinions and recommendations for medical students and registered health care professionals. Discussion Based on the systematic review and previous studies it was found that there was a limited benefit from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.2 At the moment, there are a several treatment plans, apart from prescribing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on a chronic basis to reduce pain in patients suffering from sciatica.6,15 Health professionals should consider these other treatment interventions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as long term usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause adverse risk to a patient.1,2,3,19 Potential adverse risks may occur in the gastrointestinal (GI), renal, cardiovascular (CV), cerebrovascular, and central nervous system (CNS).2,19AlternativeÂÂ   professional interventions include manipulative therapy, like chiropractic or osteopathy exercise therapy, physiotherapy, epidural injections, and surgery as a last resort.9,15 Exercise therapy as a single treatment intervention compared to bed rest had little or no improvement at all for patients with sciatica. However prolonged bed rest have harmful effects for the patient.6,9,18 It may therefore be reasonable for a health professional to prescribe exercise therapy along with other treatment interventions to prevent breaching the ethical obligation non maleficence.9 Non maleficence may be defined as doing no harm to the patient involved or the society involved.13 Combining physiotherapy methods such as lumbar traction with other interventions seems to produce positive results in nerve root compression symptoms. Traction as a standalone intervention to date is not recommended as the most studies applied lumbar traction along with other interventions.8 Research into epidural injections, through a meta-analysis found that the injections had some improvements in pain reduction and disability scores in patients with acute sciatic.6,7 The same research reported that exercise therapy is no better than inactive therapy, such as bedrest. Although surgery do not improv e life quality and reduce the severity of sciatica symptoms evidence suggest that surgery is the best intervention to relieve pain fast in patients suffering sciatica.6,16 Surgery will relieve sciatica pain nine out of ten times. However, there is a change of one in twenty that the pain will return at a later stage. Surgery, is usually reserved when the compressed nerve causes a significant weakness like loss of bladder control or bowl control or when the pain progressively worsens or does not improve with other non-invasive therapies.17 Further studies conclude that there is no significant difference in the clinical outcome between conservative treatments (physiotherapy and pharmaceutical interventions) and the invasive treatments like surgery after two years in patients with sciatica.The literature is therefore not consistant regarding the best treatment intervention, the choice of treatment can be considered preference sensitive.14 The Dutch multidisciplinary sciatica guideline r ecommend that share decision making is implemented in consultations. In share decision making both the, health professional and the patient makes a decision together, weighting the best available evidence of different treatment options against each other.14,20 Patients are encouraged to consider between conservative treatment over a prolonged period and invasive treatments weighing the benefits and harm of each to select the best treatment for them.14 When making decisions about the course of clinical practice in a patient consultation, it is important to remember patients have a right to make a well-informed decision about their treatment option.22 It would be appropriate to disclose the findings of this systematic review to patients considering the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs so that a patient can make an informed decision regarding treatment options. It is essential that patients seeking treatment for sciatica understand the true extent of the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: that it only has minimal (if any) pain reduction effects when compared to a placebo or other drugs.2

Free Macbeth Essays: The Importance of Guilt :: Free Essay Writer

The Importance of Guilt in Macbeth Through the story guilt motivates Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to a great extent. Macbeth was a kind, fine nobleman of the king Duncan. But one day his benevolence and his patronage to the king changed. He had met the three witches who had revealed the three prophecies. The first prophecy was that Macbeth would become the thane of Cawdor. The second prophecy is that he will become the king in the future. The third was that Banquo’s sons will also become kings in the future (Banquo is a good friend of Macbeth). Macbeth took his future into his own hands. Lady Macbeth was the own who encouraged and persuaded Macbeth into the horrible circumstances. Guilt plays a role to the couple differently at certain occasions. Guilt encircles Macbeth the night he killed King Duncan. He came back to his wife with a horrified expression on his face. "This is a sorry sight"(Act2 scene2 line 20), he told her. . "A foolish thought, to say a sorry sight", Lady Macbeth was thunderstruck to his remark. She had no sense of guilt right then. He couldn’t believe what he had done, what he got himself into. The sons of the king, Malcolm and Donalbain, were in the next room. "There’s one did laugh in ‘s sleep, and one cried, "Murder!" That they did wake each other". I stood and heard them. But they did say their prayers, and addressed them Again to sleep. But wherefore could not I pronounce "Amen"? I had most need of blessing, and "Amen" Stuck in my throat." Macbeth had heard them say their prayers He was in fear. He was stunned and in shock that he had killed someone like King Duncan. Guilt surrounds Macbeth for the second time when he sends out the murderers to kill Banquo, his old friend. Macbeth had no other choice but to get rid of Banquo. Banquo had witnessed the three witches and the prophecies. One prophecy was that his son would become king one day "To make them kings, the seeds of Banquo kings"(Act3 scene1 line70). In order for Macbeth to be safe is to kill Banquo. Banquo may assume what had happened and tell the people of Scotland. "For Banquo’s issue have I filed my mind; for them the gracious Duncan have I murdered; Put rancors in the vessel of my peace only for them, and mine eternal jewel".

Health and Social Care Unit 3 Ao1 D Promoting Good Health

Unit 3: Promoting good health AO1-Section D (This paper got the full 3 marks) Quality of life is how satisfied we are with our lives and whether there are parts of our health that affect this or inhibit this. For example if there was a lack of money in a family due to little financial support then their quality of life would not be good. This is because they would not be able to afford the necessities of life and other recreational activities.The job of a kidney is to filter the blood and get rid of waste products; it also balances levels of electrolyte in the body, it controlling blood pressure, and stimulates the production of red blood cells. Your kidneys filter wastes and excess fluids from your blood, which then exit your body in your urine. When the kidney fails, these things are not done efficiently and so therefore can cause serious harm to your body. The signs and symptoms of kidney failure develop slowly over time if the kidneys function continues to progress inadequately.R achel Warren, daughter, sister and mother of 2 has Kidney failure. She is 33 years old and is currently paying the mortgage of her 3 bedroomed home. She is in full time work and works from 7am till 3pm and has been working here for 13 years this has affected her whole life in many different ways. However her physical health and social health are the major things that have been affected by this illness. She began showing signs of kidney failure when she was out on a walk with her family in the countryside walking up a steep hill.This is where Rachel started to feel weak and light headed, so therefore did not feel physically able to carry on with the hike. It was then that it was recommended to her that she got tested as it ran in the family. The first signs of kidney failure in Rachel were, swelling of the legs and hands and puffiness around the eyes, high blood pressure, increased urination at night and pale skin. Kidney failure has affected her quality of life ever since. PHYSICAL HEALTH Rachel’s physical health has been strongly affected by her kidney failure.One physical effect of kidney failure is that she gets worn out and feels weak so cannot do physical activities for long periods, therefore she has little energy to do the things she enjoys most in life: For example: Dog walking with her friends and close family every Sunday. She has felt out of breath and so cannot do this for a long time without feeling the need to rest at frequent periods. This is caused by Anemia which means there is less blood flow to the brain. Anaemia is something that occurs when one has kidney failure.This can cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs; a low oxygen count in your body can be the main symptom of this. As a result of this it meant that Rachel was feeling cold all of the time and often burnt herself in the bath or on a hot water bottle. This has affected her quality of life because it caused her pain and discomfort which should not occur on an everyday basis. T hree days before being called for her kidney transplant, Rachel was put on dialysis which uses an artificial device to clean and filter the blood of waste products.This caused her major pain and distress, Rachel says that this was ‘one of the most painful experiences she’s ever been through’. She said the pain was mainly in her shoulder and it felt like she was being ‘dragged down to the floor’, this affected her quality of life as for those three days she had a dependence on medicinal substances and medical aids. After the transplant Rachel still has to take drugs each day prescribed to her by her doctor, this affects her physically as if she did not take them then her body would reject the kidney.However after the surgery Rachel felt more active and so could go on long day walks again with her friends without getting out of breath. Her skin also looked noticeably healthier which brought out a new confidence within her. Once more she is now able to feel different temperatures and so no longer burns herself and feels discomfort through this. This surgery has improved her quality of life greatly and without it she would not be the person she is today, as without surgery or dialysis the kidney disease could have been fatal.After the surgery Rachel felt more active and so took up a new hobby of zumba which even a year on she still enjoys. She also is participating in a great swim to raise money for chronic kidney disease research, which has shown she is physically up to the challenge and so her quality of life is the best it could be for someone with her condition. SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS Rachel’s social health was affecting her quality of life in many ways. Due to her kidney failure she was unable to go out and meet her friends because she would get worn out very easily, even if it was just walking to the shops.This meant meeting her friends was very difficult unless they visited her. Due to this she felt tired all the time a nd so spent a lot of her time sleeping and sitting down, this affected her social life within the family as she was unable to join in with the activities her children were doing. This meant her family and friendship relationships were altered and slowed down causing her to feel stressed due to lack of connections. Rachel had to visit the hospital in Cambridge once or twice per week to have a check-up. This was 63. 5 miles away and took her 2 hours to drive it each way.Not only did this mean that she had a financial strain due to petrol costs, but she had less time to visit her friends and family so personal relationships were affected. When Rachel was on Dialysis she didn’t feel up to meeting people as she felt stressed and depressed for a little while. This affected her quality of life because the medicine given to her made her lack confidence within herself and so therefore didn’t feel like going out and meeting new people. Therefore she did not have full social supp ort from friends and work colleagues.After Rachel had the surgery she was confined to bed for 3? days after the transplant. Due to her appearance she didn’t want people to see her and make them worried so her social life halted for that time. This meant she didn’t have all the support she could have had and so made her quality of life low because of her lack of social and emotional support. She also did not go back to work for 1 ? months after the surgery so she could recover, this meant all her work colleagues were unable to support her and she was unable to help them in with the workload.This made her feel useless and annoyed to not be able to keep herself busy, this meant her quality of life was lessened as she had not been able to work and so was unable to complete her daily activities. After the transplant she felt much more active and was able to carry on with all she had done previously. This included visiting her family and friends therefore she felt less stres sed and a rise in support from her personal relationships throughout this experience. She was able to enjoy her life and had full support from her friends, family and colleagues.In conclusion Rachel’s physical and social health has been greatly affected by kidney failure. If she did not have the kidney transplant and the drugs to prevent her body from rejecting the new kidney, she would not be able to enjoy the high quality of life she has today or even be able to live it. This is because if she had not had the surgery or dialysis her condition could have been fatal. Her physical health and social health are the main factors that affect this, however she was also affected by her level of independence and her psychological health (the ways someone thinks, learns and concentrates).

Psy 600

1 Running head: PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE SUMMARY Peer reviewed article summaries PSYCH/600 Developmental Psychology March, 11, 2013 2 Running head: PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE SUMMARY Peer review article summaries Many peer reviewed articles were interesting to me; however the three that really stood out in mind is socioeconomic status and child development, Psychology and Aging: The first 20 years, and Child development. These journals stood out I taught about how it could relate to my live and adolescents at my job.Psychology and aging: The first 20 years speaks about how the aging process through the years of life has change and a few traits are still actively the same as the years went by. One characteristic that remains the same is representation of the broad spectrum of research on the development and aging. Another further type of diversity in Psychology and aging that was mention is the geographical diversity of the how the authors reviewers. Another history of the psychology and agin g process has strived to be broadly inclusive with respect to specific domains of adult development and aging process.Theoretical orientation is applied thrust of the work methodology. Early issues spoke about the basic aspects of cognition, perception, and memory. Socioeconomic status and child development talked about the differences of high and low in families. Through this article it speaks on how children from low-SES families are more likely to experience some form of growth dysfunction. It also shared how children from low –SES families were born prematurely and with some sort of birth defects. 3 Running head: PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE SUMMARYCognitive and academic attainment relationship between SES and low families’ studies has shown that children who come from poverty and low parental education are associated with lower levels of school achievement and IQ later in childhood. As for the highest SES group was shown 25 points higher than the mean of the lowest SES g roup. The link between SES and children’s social and emotional well-being is not always consistent as to cognitive attainment. There is substantial evidence that low- SES children more often manifest symptoms.Another peer reviewed article is socioeconomic status and child development, this topic remains to be interesting it speaks on child development and how children well-being is represents in three domains. Cognitive the intellectual and academic competence and how the child learning behaviors develop as they grow into an adult. Socioemotional development speaks about the social and emotional well-being is not as consistent as the cognitive attainment. The low-SES children more manifest symptoms of psychiatric disturbance and social functioning.The strength of the relationship between SES and mental disorders varies by type of disorders and race. In summary these three articles all share the information and studies that I found relatively interesting. 4 Running head: PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE SUMMARY References: Bradley, R. , & Corwyn, R. F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and child development. , (), Rose, T. Z. , Haley, W. E. , & Blanchard-Fields, F. (2006). Psychology and Aging: The first 20 years. , (), Bradley, R. H. , & Corwyn, R. (2002). Socioeconomic Status and child development. , (), .